Human evolution: Fifty years after Homo habilis
Bernard Wood explains why the announcement of 'handy man' in April 1964 threw the field of hominin evolution into a turmoil that continues to this day.
Development: Mobilize citizens to track sustainability
Businesses and the public can keep watch when governments fail to provide environmental data, say Angel Hsu and colleagues.
Policy: Free Indian science
As elections begin in India, Mathai Joseph and Andrew Robinson call for an end to the stultifying bureaucracy that has held back the nation's science for decades.
Tudor technology: Shakespeare and science
To mark the 450th anniversary of the bard's birth, Jennifer Rampling probes how mathematics and technology shaped his era.
Earth systems: No place like home
The newest chapter in James Lovelock's Gaia saga holds out hope, finds Tim Lenton.
Review of A Rough Ride to the Future: The Next Evolution of Gaia
James Lovelock
Psychology: The clamorous mind
Susanne Ahmari reviews a personal and scientific journey through obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Review of The Man Who Couldn't Stop: OCD, and the True Story of a Life Lost in Thought
David Adam
Cancer treatment: Sharp shooters
Beams of charged particles can treat cancer more safely and effectively than X-rays. Physicists and biomedical researchers are working to refine the technology for wider use.
Vivien Marx
Schizophrenia
Herb Brody
Aetiology: Searching for schizophrenia's roots
Emily Elert
Language: Lost in translation
David Noonan
Genetics: Unravelling complexity
Jessica Wright
Drug development: The modelling challenge
Alla Katsnelson
Therapeutics: Negative feedback
Elie Dolgin
Prevention: Before the break
Michele Solis
Developing countries: The outcomes paradox
T. V. Padma
Ageing: Live faster, die younger
Emily Anthes
Perspective: Retreat from the radical
Stephen R. Marder
Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets
Steven E. Hyman
Interneuron subtypes and orientation tuning
Seung-Hee Lee,
Alex C. Kwan &
Yang Dan
Atallah et al. reply
Bassam V. Atallah,
Massimo Scanziani &
Matteo Carandini
El-Boustani et al. reply
Sami El-Boustani,
Nathan R. Wilson,
Caroline A. Runyan &
Mriganka Sur
Articles
Top
Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease
Catherine N. Hall,
Clare Reynell,
Bodil Gesslein,
Nicola B. Hamilton,
Anusha Mishra
+ et al.
Neuronal activity relaxes pericytes, leading to capillary dilation and increased blood flow, before arterioles dilate, suggesting that pericytes initiate blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional imaging signals; pericytes constrict and die in rigor in ischaemia, which will cause a long-lasting blood flow decrease after stroke, and damage the blood–brain barrier.
See also
News & Views by Greif & Eichmann
Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail
Dominic Meusch,
Christos Gatsogiannis,
Rouslan G. Efremov,
Alexander E. Lang,
Oliver Hofnagel
+ et al.
High-resolution structures of the Photorhabdus luminescens TcA toxin subunit and the entire Tc toxin complex reveal important new insights into Tc complex structure and function.
Poly(A)-tail profiling reveals an embryonic switch in translational control
Alexander O. Subtelny,
Stephen W. Eichhorn,
Grace R. Chen,
Hazel Sive &
David P. Bartel
A new high-throughput sequencing method to determine mRNA poly(A)-tail length enabled studies of individual RNAs across species and developmental stages to investigate the role of poly(A) length in translational regulation; the relationship between poly(A) length and translational efficiency shown in early embryo systems does not occur later in development, a finding that explains different regulatory consequences of microRNAs acting at different developmental times.
Letters
Top
A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo
F. Braga-Ribas,
B. Sicardy,
J. L. Ortiz,
C. Snodgrass,
F. Roques
+ et al.
Observations of a stellar occultation by (10199) Chariklo, a minor body that orbits the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune, reveal that it has a ring system, a property previously observed only for the four giant planets of the Solar System.
See also
News & Views by Burns
Efficient rotational cooling of Coulomb-crystallized molecular ions by a helium buffer gas
A. K. Hansen,
O. O. Versolato,
Ł. Kłosowski,
S. B. Kristensen,
A. Gingell
+ et al.
In combination with sympathetic cooling of translational degrees of freedom (leading to Coulomb crystallization), cooling of the rotational degrees of freedom of magnesium hydride ions using a helium buffer gas leads to temperatures in a tunable range from 60 kelvin down to about 7 kelvin for a single ion, the lowest such temperature so far recorded.
Coherent control of the waveforms of recoilless γ-ray photons
Farit Vagizov,
Vladimir Antonov,
Y. V. Radeonychev,
R. N. Shakhmuratov &
Olga Kocharovskaya
The resonant interaction between γ-ray photons and an ensemble of nuclei with a periodically modulated resonant transition frequency can be used to control the waveforms of the photons coherently; for example, individual γ-ray photons can be converted into a coherent, ultrashort pulse train or into a double pulse.
Highly siderophile elements in Earth’s mantle as a clock for the Moon-forming impact
Seth A. Jacobson,
Alessandro Morbidelli,
Sean N. Raymond,
David P. O'Brien,
Kevin J. Walsh
+ et al.
A large number of N-body simulations of the giant-impact phase of planet formation, combined with the measured concentrations of highly siderophile elements in Earth’s mantle, reveal that the Moon must have formed at least 40 million years after the condensation of the first solids of the Solar System.
See also
News & Views by Chambers
The hippocampal CA2 region is essential for social memory
Frederick L. Hitti &
Steven A. Siegelbaum
CA2 neuron inactivation leads to a severe deficit in social memory, while having little effect on other well-known hippocampal functions such as contextual or spatial memory.
Mouse liver repopulation with hepatocytes generated from human fibroblasts
Saiyong Zhu,
Milad Rezvani,
Jack Harbell,
Aras N. Mattis,
Alan R. Wolfe
+ et al.
Human fibroblasts can be converted into hepatocytes capable of repopulating mouse livers by shortcutting reprogramming to pluripotency with factors promoting endoderm and hepatocyte differentiation.
Constitutional and somatic rearrangement of chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Yilong Li,
Claire Schwab,
Sarra L. Ryan,
Elli Papaemmanuil,
Hazel M. Robinson
+ et al.
A rare constitutional translocation between chromosomes 15 and 21 predisposes to catastrophic chromosomal damage followed by amplification of megabase regions, causing a specific subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1α pathway
Xi Chen,
Dimitrios Iliopoulos,
Qing Zhang,
Qianzi Tang,
Matthew B. Greenblatt
+ et al.
This study finds that triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) show an increased basal level of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response; furthermore, XBP1 promotes tumour formation of TNBC cell lines by interacting with and regulating HIF1α.
Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to glucose limitation and biguanides
Kıvanç Birsoy,
Richard Possemato,
Franziska K. Lorbeer,
Erol C. Bayraktar,
Prathapan Thiru
+ et al.
New apparatus is used to maintain proliferating cancer cells in low-glucose conditions, demonstrating that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for optimal proliferation in these conditions; the most sensitive cell lines are defective in OXPHOS upregulation and may therefore be sensitive to current antidiabetic drugs that inhibit OXPHOS.
Tumour cell heterogeneity maintained by cooperating subclones in Wnt-driven mammary cancers
Allison S. Cleary,
Travis L. Leonard,
Shelley A. Gestl &
Edward J. Gunther
In a mouse model of tumours initiated by Wnt signalling in which a proportion of tumours are biclonal, that is, composed of basal and luminal clones with distinct genetic alterations, these clones are shown to cooperate to maintain tumour growth in a Wnt-dependent manner.
See also
News & Views by Polyak & Marusyk
Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma
Chong Sun,
Liqin Wang,
Sidong Huang,
Guus J. J. E. Heynen,
Anirudh Prahallad
+ et al.
Patients with melanomas carrying an activating BRAF mutation respond to treatment with BRAF inhibitors although resistance to the inhibitor usually emerges; this resistance is shown to arise through increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR; however, these changes decrease cell fitness and during a break from inhibitor treatment these cells are selected against, revealing that some patients who acquire EGFR expression may benefit from inhibitor re-treatment after a drug holiday.
Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity
Serge A. van de Pavert,
Manuela Ferreira,
Rita G. Domingues,
Hélder Ribeiro,
Rosalie Molenaar
+ et al.
Dietary vitamin A during pregnancy is required for the formation of secondary lymphoid organs of the developing embryo and affects the offspring’s immune competence in adulthood.
See also
News & Views by Eberl
Mitoflash frequency in early adulthood predicts lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
En-Zhi Shen,
Chun-Qing Song,
Yuan Lin,
Wen-Hong Zhang,
Pei-Fang Su
+ et al.
In Caenorhabditis elegans, mitochondrial activity as measured by the frequency of the mitochondrial flash in young adult animals is a powerful predictor of lifespan across genetic, environmental and stochastic factors.
nature, THE INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
gepflegtes Exemplar, nur kleine Lesespuren
- Verlag:
- NPG Nature publishing group
- Englische Ausgabe
- Artikelnummer:
- B00042582
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- 400 gr